Birth Injury Treatment

Fact Checked

Birth injury treatment varies depending on the condition, symptoms, severity, and other individual factors. Birth injury treatments range from innovative hypothermic therapy to surgery to repair damaged nerves to lifelong medications or assistive care. Most importantly, a child with a birth injury needs a diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible for the best outcome.

Types of Birth Injury

A birth injury is any physical injury that occurs during childbirth. Another term for a birth injury is birth trauma.[1]

Birth injury treatment depends on the type, severity, and other factors. One of the most common types of birth injury is brain damage, most often caused by asphyxia or oxygen deprivation. The most common consequence of brain damage during birth is cerebral palsy.

Nerve damage is also reasonably common, especially damage to the brachial plexus, the nerves that run along the neck and control the arm.[2]

Bone fractures, including skull fractures, can also occur during birth when too much force is applied to a baby’s fragile bones.

Surgical Birth Injury Treatment

Surgery is an option for treatment for some types of birth injuries, including severe nerve damage and skull fractures. Nerve damage to the brachial plexus is relatively common and is caused by stretching between the shoulder and head as the baby emerges from the birth canal.[3]

For most babies, the damage is mild. Mild nerve injuries heal with time and either no treatment or minimal care. For those with more severe damage, including torn nerves, surgery may be used to attempt to repair the nerves.

A skull fracture is another type of birth injury that may require surgery. A fracture may be minor and heal on its own, but sometimes a skull fracture causes hemorrhage or hematoma, bleeding on the brain, which can be dangerous.

In these cases, a doctor may recommend surgery to drain the blood or other fluids that put harmful pressure on the brain.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy can help treat various birth injuries, especially Erb’s palsy and cerebral palsy. Erb’s palsy is the result of damage to the brachial plexus nerves. When severe enough, this damage can lead to weakness, loss of sensation, or even paralysis in the arm.

Physical therapy can help a baby develop muscle strength and range of motion, reduce pain, or regain sensation.

For children born with cerebral palsy from brain damage caused by a birth injury, physical therapy is often an essential part of treatment.

Cerebral palsy affects the muscles and how they move. Working with a physical therapist helps a child with cerebral palsy develop strength, balance, flexibility, and coordination. It can also help a child walk more efficiently and reduce pain.

Occupational and Other Therapies

In addition to physical therapy, many other types of therapy can help children with birth injuries.

Occupational therapy helps a child learn how to do easy tasks for those without disabilities: brushing teeth and hair, using the bathroom, getting on and off the school bus, and more. In short, occupational therapists help disabled children with activities of daily living.

Other kinds of therapies can help in different ways. Some children born with brain damage will have behavioral or emotional challenges. Cognitive behavioral therapy can help these children learn to control their impulses, manage their emotions, and socialize with other children.

Educational therapies and interventions help children with developmental delays or cognitive impairments catch up with their peers.

Nutrition therapy can help children with cerebral palsy and other conditions who struggle with feeding and eating. Sometimes, the throat or esophagus muscles don’t work very well, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies.[5]

Medications

A variety of medications treat symptoms that result from different types of birth injuries. None of these are curative treatments, and most don’t get to the root of the birth injury. They can help manage and reduce symptoms.

For instance, painkillers help children with cerebral palsy who suffer from painful muscle spasms and tight muscles.

Muscle relaxants and anti-spastic medications can also help these children control their movements and have less pain.

Children born with brain damage are likely to experience seizures. For many children, anti-seizure medications help reduce the frequency and severity of these episodes.

Botox is another medication that can be used for children with cerebral palsy or Erb’s palsy. It is injected strategically to paralyze specific muscles. This gives injured, weaker muscles time to develop and strengthen.

Hypothermia Treatment

Hypothermia is an innovative treatment that doctors now use to treat children born with brain damage caused by oxygen deprivation.[4] Research shows it can effectively reverse the harm caused by this type of birth injury.

Hypothermic treatment involves cooling a baby to about 92 degrees for about three days. The baby is given a sedative to prevent shivering.

If the treatment is administered right after birth, this treatment may completely reverse the effects of oxygen deprivation. A baby who may have suffered significant brain damage and cognitive impairments because of asphyxia may be wholly spared from those effects.

Studies have shown that this hypothermic treatment significantly reduces death rates and developmental disabilities in newborns who suffer oxygen deprivation during childbirth.

Alternative Treatments

In addition to standard birth injury treatments, babies and children may also benefit from a variety of alternative and supplemental treatments. Acupuncture and acupressure, for example, may help reduce pain. Massage therapy can help with muscle pain and can also increase mobility.

Alternative therapies, such as animal, music, or art therapy, can supplement other types of emotional and behavioral therapies and treatments.

If you have a child born with a birth injury, treatment decisions will be necessary from the moment of birth onward. Early diagnosis of your child’s injury can result in an early start to treatment. Early interventions are crucial for helping children get the most benefit from surgery, medications, therapies, and emotional, behavioral, and educational interventions.