Cerebral Palsy and Hippotherapy

Fact Checked

Hippotherapy benefits children with cerebral palsy in several ways. Hippotherapy is a type of therapy that utilizes horses and can help a child improve physical functioning and mobility. It can also help children with cerebral palsy cope with emotional challenges and build self-confidence.

How Does Hippotherapy Help With Cerebral Palsy?

Physicians usually recommend traditional forms of therapy to a child with cerebral palsy, such as physical and occupational therapy. These therapies help strengthen muscles, improve balance and flexibility, and support your child as they develop the skills to complete tasks of daily living.

However, numerous alternative therapies benefit children with cerebral palsy, including hippotherapy. Hippotherapy was introduced in other countries in the 1960s. It gradually made its way to the United States after word got out regarding the massive benefits it produces.

Hippotherapy is now recognized as a form of therapy that helps with:[1]

• Cognitive skills
• Speech and language skills
• Neuromuscular and sensory reactions
• Physical strength
• An overall sense of well-being

Hippotherapy is not the same as therapeutic horseback riding, in which children learn to ride horses for numerous benefits. Instead, a therapist uses the characteristics and movements of a horse to help with many issues that children with cerebral palsy experience.

The repetition, rhythm, gait, and tempo of a horse’s movements have been proven to help with:

• Balance
• Posture
• Strength
• Control
• Visual cues
• Sensory
• Endurance
• Abnormal muscle tone
• Social skills
• Control of the body’s extremities
• Core strength in the trunk
• Self-esteem

When to Start Hippotherapy

Before starting hippotherapy, you should speak with your child’s physician to ensure that their individual mental and physical challenges could benefit from this form of therapy. Furthermore, it’s important to get your physician’s approval that your child’s associated disorders will not increase from the physical challenges of hippotherapy.

If your child can benefit from hippotherapy, there is no set age at which you should start. Children of all ages, from toddlers to teens, participate in hippotherapy. However, keep in mind that hippotherapy is generally not covered under insurance plans, and you may need to pay out of pocket for the therapy sessions.

What Is a Typical Hippotherapy Session Like?

Before starting the first hippotherapy session, a therapist will assess your child’s physical, emotional, and cognitive strengths. This will help determine:

• If your child is ready for hippotherapy and
• If any accommodations are needed for the child while sitting on the horse

Afterward, the therapist will explain the importance of safety to you and your child, including how to properly mount and dismount the horse (with assistance), horse equipment, and what to expect when the horse moves.

Once safety training is completed, a therapist assists and monitors the child while mounting the horse and during the horse’s movements. In almost all instances, the therapist walks alongside the horse and child while helping modify the horse’s movements to be safe for the child.

Each session will consist of similar activities as the child learns to respond to the horse’s natural gait and shifts. This not only builds physical strength and endurance but also helps a child’s well-being and sense of self.

Where to Find Hippotherapy

Horse farms created as specialized training areas are typically where hippotherapy sessions occur. It may be challenging to find a hippotherapy location close by if you live in the city, as most farms are located in rural areas.

If you need help, the American Hippotherapy Association, Inc. (AHA) offers a free location service for available hippotherapy facilities nationwide.[2]

Hippotherapy Therapists and Providers

Professionals who practice hippotherapy are typically physical therapists, speech therapists, or occupational therapists who have undergone extensive hippotherapy training and met the certification requirements.

AHA provides an educational program to help therapists who wish to work in hippotherapy learn the required skills to work with horses and children with special needs. In general, therapists need to have at least three years of experience in their own field of study, as well as 100 hours of hippotherapy training. Professional hippotherapy training consists of learning:

• In-depth knowledge of horse movement
• How to handle emergencies
• Safety practices
• The physical characteristics of horses
• The association between human and horse movement
• How to choose the appropriate exercises for each child’s individual needs, and more

Are There Any Risks of Hippotherapy for a Child With Cerebral Palsy?

If you’ve gotten approval from your child’s physician and the therapist has ruled out any conditions that would prohibit participation, there usually aren’t any risks involved in hippotherapy. As previously mentioned, a well-trained, certified therapist will always be with your child to ensure safety.